Figure Skating Edges

Edges are the foundation of all figure skating. An edge is the part of the blade that contacts the ice when you glide, and it is defined by the two sides of the blade: the inside edge and the outside edge. When you skate on an edge, you are not just moving forward; you are carving a curve. Edges allow you to control your direction, speed, and balance. They are essential for every skill, from basic stroking to advanced jumps and spins. For the recreational skater, learning to use edges consciously transforms skating from a push-and-glide activity into a smooth, flowing art.

In this guide, we will explore what edges are, how they work, and how you can practise them safely. You will learn the difference between inside and outside edges, forward and backward edges, and how to engage them step by step. We will also cover common mistakes, gear considerations, and tips to refine your edge control. Remember, safety first: always wear a helmet and protective pads, and practise in a safe, open area away from traffic. Whether you are on a frozen pond or an indoor rink, edge work will elevate your skating.

Edges are not just for figure skaters; they are the secret to efficient, graceful movement on the ice. By mastering edges, you will gain confidence and unlock a new level of skating. So lace up your skates, put on your helmet, and let's dive into the world of edges.

An edge is the side of the skate blade that touches the ice when you lean your skate. The blade has a concave curve, creating two distinct edges: the inside edge (the side facing your other foot) and the outside edge (the side facing away). When you stand straight, both edges are on the ice, but as soon as you lean, you shift your weight to one edge. This lean causes the skate to carve a curved path. The deeper the lean, the tighter the curve. The edge grips the ice, allowing you to turn without skidding.

Edges work because of the blade's rocker (the curved profile from front to back) and the hollow (the groove between the edges). When you lean, the edge bites into the ice, creating a small groove that guides your direction. Forward edges are when you glide forward on one foot, and backward edges are when you glide backward. Each edge can be held on a circle, either clockwise or counterclockwise. For example, a forward inside edge on the right foot travels on a counterclockwise circle, while a forward outside edge on the right foot travels on a clockwise circle.

Understanding edges is about feeling the blade. At first, you might not notice the subtle shift, but with practice, you will sense which edge you are on. This awareness is crucial for crossovers, turns, and spins. Edges also help you generate speed and control. By pushing onto an edge, you can accelerate; by leaning against the edge, you can stop or change direction. In essence, edges are the language of the ice, and learning to speak it fluently will make you a more versatile skater.

Before you start, ensure you are in a safe, open area away from traffic, and wearing a helmet and protective pads. Begin by standing still on the ice with your feet parallel. Shift your weight to one foot and gently lean your skate to the inside or outside. You should feel the edge engage. Start with a simple forward inside edge on your dominant foot. Push off with your other foot, then glide on one foot while leaning slightly to the inside. Hold the edge for a few seconds, then switch feet. Repeat until you can maintain a steady curve.

Next, practise forward outside edges. Push off and lean to the outside of your skating foot. This may feel less stable at first, so keep your knees bent and your arms out for balance. Glide on the edge, making a smooth arc. Once you are comfortable with forward edges, try backward edges. Start by gliding backward on two feet, then shift your weight to one foot and lean to the inside or outside. Backward edges require you to look over your shoulder and keep your hips aligned. Practise each edge on both feet, both directions.

To refine your edges, try holding each edge for a full circle. Use markers on the ice or imagine a circle. As you improve, increase your speed and lean deeper. You can also practise edge transitions: shifting from inside to outside edge on the same foot, or from forward to backward. Always maintain a bent knee and an upright posture. Remember, edges are about control, not force. Let the blade do the work. With consistent practice, edge work will become second nature.

For edge work, your skates are the most important piece of equipment. Figure skates have a toe pick, which is used for jumps and spins, but for edges, the blade's edges and rocker are key. Make sure your skates fit well and are laced snugly for ankle support. Dull blades will not grip the ice, so keep them sharpened regularly. However, avoid over-sharpening, as too deep a hollow can make edges grabby. A professional sharpener can help you find the right hollow for your skating level. Your boots should be stiff enough to support your ankles but not so stiff that you cannot bend your knees.

Safety gear is non-negotiable. Always wear a helmet to protect your head, especially when practising new edges or skating at higher speeds. Protective pads for your knees, elbows, and wrists are also recommended. Gloves or mittens keep your hands warm and protect them from the cold ice. Dress in layers so you can adjust to changing temperatures. Avoid loose clothing that can get caught or restrict movement. Comfortable, flexible pants or tights are ideal.

Finally, consider the ice conditions. Freshly resurfaced ice is best for edge work because it is smooth and predictable. Avoid crowded sessions where you might collide with others. If you skate outdoors, check for cracks, debris, or soft spots. Always skate in a safe, open area away from traffic. With the right gear and a safe environment, you can focus on feeling your edges and improving your skills.

One common mistake is leaning too far too soon. Beginners often try to carve a deep edge before they have the balance and control. This can cause a fall or a skid. Start with gentle leans and gradually increase as you feel more stable. Another mistake is looking down at your feet. This throws off your balance and prevents you from seeing where you are going. Keep your head up and look in the direction of your curve. Also, avoid stiff knees. Bent knees allow you to absorb bumps and maintain control. If your knees are locked, you will be unstable and unable to adjust your edge.

Another error is using the wrong edge unintentionally. For example, you might think you are on an outside edge but are actually on a flat or inside edge. This often happens if you do not shift your weight fully over the skating foot. To fix this, practise standing on one foot and feeling the edge before you glide. Also, avoid dragging your toe pick. The toe pick is for specific moves, not for edges. If you hear scraping, you might be dragging it. Keep your foot flexed so the toe pick is off the ice.

Finally, do not neglect both feet and both directions. Many skaters favour one side and avoid the other, leading to imbalances. Practise edges on your non-dominant foot and in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. This will make you a more well-rounded skater. And always remember safety: wear a helmet and pads, and skate in a safe, open area away from traffic. Avoid these mistakes, and your edge work will progress smoothly.

To improve your edges, try slow, deliberate practice. Hold each edge for as long as possible, focusing on the quality of the curve. Use your arms for balance: extend them out to the sides, and move them opposite to your lean. For example, on a forward inside edge on the right foot, your left arm is forward and your right arm is back. This counterbalance helps you stay centred. Also, engage your core muscles to maintain a stable upper body. A strong core allows you to lean deeper without falling.

Once you are comfortable with basic edges, try variations. Edge pulls are a great exercise: start on an inside edge, then smoothly transition to an outside edge on the same foot, and repeat. This builds edge control and strength. Another variation is the serpentine: glide on two feet and weave in and out, shifting from inside to outside edges. You can also practise edges in a figure-eight pattern, which combines forward and backward edges. For a challenge, try one-foot slaloms: glide on one foot and weave back and forth, changing edges rapidly.

Music can help you find rhythm and flow. Skate to a slow, steady beat and time your edges to the music. This makes practice more enjoyable and improves your timing. Finally, watch more advanced skaters and observe how they use their edges. Ask a coach or experienced friend for feedback. Remember, edge work is a lifelong journey; even professionals continue to refine their edges. With patience and practice, you will develop a feel for the ice that makes skating effortless.

Q: How do I know which edge I am on? A: The easiest way is to feel the lean of your skate. If you are leaning to the inside of your foot, you are on an inside edge; if you are leaning to the outside, you are on an outside edge. You can also look at your tracings on the ice: a curved line that arcs to the left means you are on a left edge (inside or outside depending on foot). Practise standing still and leaning to identify each edge.

Q: How long does it take to learn edges? A: It varies, but with regular practice, most skaters can feel and hold basic edges within a few weeks. Mastery takes longer, as edges are a skill you continually refine. Focus on quality over quantity; short, focused sessions are better than long, tired ones.

Q: Can I practise edges without a coach? A: Yes, many skaters learn edges on their own. However, a coach can provide valuable feedback and correct mistakes early. If you do practise alone, use mirrors or record yourself to check your posture. Always prioritize safety: wear a helmet and pads, and skate in a safe, open area away from traffic.